What Do Catholics Call the Altar? A Detailed Exploration
For many visitors and even some practicing Catholics, the central piece of furniture in a Catholic church can evoke a sense of reverence and mystery. While it's commonly referred to as the "altar," the term encompasses a rich theological and historical significance within the Catholic faith. Let's delve into what Catholics call the altar and what it truly represents.
The Primary Term: The Altar
The most straightforward and widely used term for the sacred table in a Catholic church is simply the altar. This is the primary focus of the Mass, the central act of worship in the Catholic Church. It's where the bread and wine are consecrated, becoming the Body and Blood of Christ. Therefore, "altar" is the most accurate and commonly understood designation.
Theological Significance of the Altar
The altar in a Catholic church is not just a piece of furniture; it is a sacred space laden with profound theological meaning. It is understood in several significant ways:
- A Table of Sacrifice: The altar represents the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross. At the Last Supper, Jesus instituted the Eucharist and commanded his followers to "do this in remembrance of me." The Mass, therefore, is a re-presentation, or a mystical participation in, that one, perfect sacrifice. The altar is the physical manifestation of this sacrificial offering.
- A Table of the Lord: It is also seen as the table where the Lord himself is present. In Catholic belief, through the consecration by the priest, the bread and wine truly become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. This is known as the Real Presence, and the altar is the focal point of this sacred encounter.
- A Meeting Place: The altar serves as a place where heaven and earth meet, where humanity encounters the divine. It is where God's grace is poured out upon the faithful through the sacraments, most notably the Eucharist.
Historical Evolution and Terminology
While "altar" is the modern and standard term, understanding its historical context can provide further insight.
In the early Church, the altar was often a simple stone table. As Christianity developed, the design and embellishments of altars became more elaborate, often incorporating relics of saints. The term "altar" has remained consistent throughout this evolution, emphasizing its enduring role as the place of sacrifice and communion.
Distinguishing from Other Furniture
It's important to distinguish the altar from other significant pieces of furniture found in a Catholic church:
- The Tabernacle: This is a secure, often ornate, box where the consecrated Eucharist (the Body of Christ) is reserved after Mass. It is typically located either on or behind the altar, or in a designated chapel. The tabernacle signifies the abiding presence of Christ in the church.
- The Ambo: This is the raised platform from which the scripture readings are proclaimed and the homily is given. It is distinct from the altar, although in some modern church designs, they may be in close proximity.
Common Misconceptions
Sometimes, people might use the term "communion table" to refer to the altar. While the altar is indeed where Holy Communion is received, the term "communion table" is more commonly associated with Protestant traditions. Catholics emphasize the sacrificial aspect and the Real Presence of Christ, making "altar" the more appropriate and theologically rich term.
"The altar, therefore, is the place where the sacrifice of the cross is perpetuated and where the faithful are nourished by the Body and Blood of Christ."
In Summary
In conclusion, what Catholics call the altar is a sacred focal point of their worship, representing both the sacrifice of Jesus Christ and His real presence. While the term is simple, its meaning is deeply rooted in Catholic theology and tradition. It is the heart of the Mass, where the faithful come to remember, to offer, and to receive the very Body and Blood of Christ.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How is the altar consecrated?
The altar is consecrated by a bishop in a special ceremony known as the dedication of an altar. This ritual involves anointing the altar with holy chrism, incensing it, and covering it with a cloth, symbolizing its sacredness and dedication to God.
Why is the altar made of stone?
Traditionally, Catholic altars are made of stone, often a single slab, to symbolize Christ himself, who is referred to as the "cornerstone" of the Church in scripture. The stone also represents the tomb of Christ, linking the altar to His resurrection. Relics of saints are also frequently incorporated into the altar stone, connecting the earthly liturgy with the communion of saints in heaven.
Can a Catholic altar be moved?
While it is preferred that the altar be a permanent fixture in the church, in certain circumstances, such as in temporary chapels or for specific liturgical needs, a portable altar may be used. However, for permanent churches, the intention is for the altar to be fixed and dedicated.
What is the significance of the altar cloths?
The altar cloths, typically white and made of fine linen, symbolize the purity and sanctity of the altar. They also recall the shroud in which Christ's body was wrapped after His death. The number and placement of the cloths are prescribed by the Church's liturgical rules.
