Which is the first largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala? Exploring Periyar National Park

Which is the first largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala? Exploring Periyar National Park

When considering the vast natural beauty and rich biodiversity of India, the southern state of Kerala stands out. Known as "God's Own Country," Kerala is home to an array of protected areas, including numerous wildlife sanctuaries. For those curious about the **first largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala**, the answer is the iconic **Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary**.

Periyar National Park, nestled in the Western Ghats mountain range, is not only the first but also the largest protected area in Kerala. Its expansive terrain covers approximately 925 square kilometers (357 square miles), with a significant portion dedicated to the core zone of the sanctuary, which is the Periyar Lake area.

A Glimpse into Periyar's History and Significance

The origins of Periyar National Park can be traced back to the year 1899 when the area was first protected as the Nellikkampatty Reserve. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1934, under the Travancore Forest Regulation Act. Subsequently, in 1950, it was established as the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. Its elevation to a Tiger Reserve in 1978 further cemented its importance in conservation efforts, especially for the majestic Bengal tiger.

The sanctuary is renowned for its rich and diverse ecosystem. The undulating hills, moist deciduous forests, and grasslands create a perfect habitat for a multitude of species. The central attraction is the **Periyar Lake**, an artificial lake formed by the construction of the Mullaperiyar Dam in 1895. This picturesque lake offers a unique opportunity to witness wildlife from the water.

Key Wildlife Attractions at Periyar

Periyar National Park is a haven for a staggering variety of fauna. The most sought-after sightings include:

• Elephants: Periyar is famously home to a large population of wild elephants. Observing them at the watering holes, especially around the lake, is a highlight for many visitors.
• Tigers: While elusive, the presence of Bengal tigers is a testament to the sanctuary's success in tiger conservation.
• Gaur (Indian Bison): These magnificent herbivores are often seen grazing in the grasslands.
• Sambar Deer: A common sight, these deer are an important prey species in the park.
• Various other mammals: Including wild boar, barking deer, mouse deer, and the Indian porcupine.
• Avian species: Periyar is a birdwatcher's paradise, with over 260 species of birds recorded, including the Malabar Grey Hornbill, Great Hornbill, and Nilgiri Wood Pigeon.
• Reptiles: Various snakes, including the king cobra, and lizards are also found here.

The park also boasts a rich flora, with diverse vegetation types contributing to its ecological significance.

Experiencing Periyar National Park

Visitors to Periyar have several options for experiencing its wonders:

• Boat Safaris: This is the most popular way to explore the sanctuary. The serene boat rides on Periyar Lake offer unparalleled views of wildlife coming to drink water at the banks.
• Jeep Safaris: These safaris take visitors deeper into the forest interiors, offering a chance to spot more elusive animals.
• Trekking and Guided Walks: For the more adventurous, guided treks allow for an immersive experience in the jungle.
• Elephant Rides: While controversial for some, elephant rides are offered in certain areas, providing a different perspective.

The best time to visit Periyar National Park is generally from September to April, when the weather is pleasant, and wildlife sightings are more frequent. The monsoon season (June to August) brings lush greenery but can make certain areas inaccessible.

Periyar National Park represents a vital ecological corridor and a testament to India's commitment to wildlife preservation. Its status as the first largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala makes it a landmark destination for nature enthusiasts and conservationists alike.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How is Periyar National Park the first largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala?

Periyar was established as a protected area in the early 20th century and subsequently declared a wildlife sanctuary, making it one of the earliest and also the largest in terms of its geographical area within Kerala. Its size and historical significance solidify its position as the "first largest."

Why is Periyar National Park important for conservation?

Periyar is critically important for the conservation of several endangered species, most notably the Bengal tiger and the Asian elephant. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the biodiversity of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

What kind of activities can I do at Periyar?

The primary activities include boat safaris on Periyar Lake, jeep safaris into the forest, guided trekking, and nature walks. These activities allow visitors to experience the diverse flora and fauna of the sanctuary.

When is the best time to visit Periyar?

The ideal time to visit is between September and April. During these months, the weather is most conducive for wildlife spotting, with clear skies and comfortable temperatures.

What is the significance of Periyar Lake?

Periyar Lake, an artificial reservoir, is central to the park's ecosystem and visitor experience. It provides a vital water source for wildlife and offers unique opportunities for boat safaris, allowing for close observation of animals coming to drink.