Understanding Jesus in Islam
For many Americans, Jesus is a central figure of their faith, understood as the Son of God and a key part of the Holy Trinity. However, when discussing Jesus in an Islamic context, the terminology and understanding differ significantly. Muslims do not refer to Jesus as the "Son of God" in the Christian theological sense, nor do they believe in the concept of the Trinity. Instead, Jesus holds a profoundly revered and honored position in Islam.
The Arabic Name for Jesus: Isa
In Arabic, the language of the Quran, Jesus is known as Isa (pronounced EE-sah). This is the primary and most common name used by Muslims when referring to him. The Quran mentions Isa by name numerous times, highlighting his prophetic mission and miraculous birth.
The Full Title: Isa ibn Maryam
More often than not, Jesus is referred to by his full and most respectful title: Isa ibn Maryam, which translates to Jesus, son of Mary. This appellation is crucial in Islamic theology as it emphasizes his human lineage and his mother, Mary (Maryam), who is also a highly revered figure in Islam.
"And [mention] when the angels said, 'O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Christ Jesus, the son of Mary – distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those near [to Allah].'" (Quran 3:45)
This verse from the Quran directly addresses Mary and announces the birth of Jesus, using the title "Christ Jesus, the son of Mary." The term "Christ" here is understood as a title signifying his purified status, not as a divine designation in the Christian sense. It's important to note that in Islam, Jesus is not considered divine or the literal son of God.
Jesus as a Prophet of God
Muslims believe that Isa was a highly esteemed prophet of God, sent to guide the Children of Israel. He is considered one of the most important prophets in Islam, preceding Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Quran details many aspects of Jesus's life, including:
- His miraculous birth to the Virgin Mary.
- His ability to perform miracles, with God's permission, such as healing the sick and raising the dead.
- His role in delivering God's message.
- His disciples, known as the Hawariyun (apostles).
However, Muslims do not believe Jesus was crucified as Christians do. Instead, the Quran states that Jesus was raised to heaven by God and that someone else was made to resemble him and was crucified in his place.
The Significance of the Title "Son of Mary"
The emphasis on "son of Mary" is a deliberate theological distinction. It highlights Jesus's human nature and his unique miraculous birth, which is a testament to God's power. By calling him "Jesus, son of Mary," Muslims acknowledge his special status while firmly rejecting any notion of divinity or a literal paternal relationship with God.
Jesus in Relation to Prophet Muhammad
Jesus is considered a prophet of God in Islam, and Prophet Muhammad is the final prophet in a line that includes Jesus. Muslims believe that Jesus foretold the coming of Prophet Muhammad. The Quran states:
"And [mention] when Jesus, son of Mary, said, 'O children of Israel, indeed I am the messenger of Allah to you, confirming what was before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me whose name is Ahmad.' But when he came to them with clear proofs, they said, 'This is obvious magic.'" (Quran 61:6)
While "Ahmad" is a name associated with Prophet Muhammad, this verse underscores the prophetic lineage and the continuity of God's message.
Common Muslim Greetings and Respect for Jesus
When Muslims speak of Jesus, they often append the phrase "alayhis salam" (often abbreviated as PBUH), which means "peace be upon him." This is a sign of profound respect and honor, a practice extended to all prophets mentioned in the Quran.
So, when Muslims refer to Jesus, the most common and respectful way to address him is Isa ibn Maryam, alayhis salam.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How do Muslims refer to Jesus?
Muslims primarily call Jesus by his Arabic name, Isa. He is most commonly and respectfully referred to as Isa ibn Maryam, meaning Jesus, son of Mary.
Why do Muslims call him "son of Mary" instead of "Son of God"?
Muslims call him "son of Mary" to emphasize his human nature and his miraculous birth through the Virgin Mary, which is seen as a sign of God's power. This appellation also serves to distinguish the Islamic understanding of Jesus from the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and Jesus's divinity, which Muslims do not accept.
Is Jesus considered divine in Islam?
No, Muslims do not consider Jesus divine. They believe he was a highly honored prophet of God, a messenger sent to guide humanity, but not God himself or the literal son of God.
What is the Islamic perspective on Jesus's crucifixion?
Muslims do not believe Jesus was crucified. The Quran states that God raised Jesus to heaven and made someone else appear to be Jesus, who was then crucified in his place.
Do Muslims believe Jesus will return?
Yes, Muslims believe that Jesus (Isa) is alive in heaven and will return to Earth before the Day of Judgment to uphold justice and defeat the Antichrist (Dajjal), alongside Prophet Muhammad's followers.
