Which country the Christmas table is always set with an even number of dishes regardless of the number of guests
The tradition of setting a Christmas table with an even number of dishes, irrespective of the number of guests, is a fascinating cultural practice deeply rooted in Poland. This custom, known as "wigilia" (pronounced vee-ghee-lee-ah), is the Polish Christmas Eve supper, and it's steeped in symbolism and superstition.
The Significance of an Even Number of Dishes
In Poland, the belief is that having an even number of dishes on the Christmas Eve table is a good omen. It's thought to bring good luck and prosperity for the coming year. Conversely, an odd number is considered unlucky and can foretell a year of misfortune. This superstition is taken quite seriously by many Polish families, and it dictates the planning and preparation of the elaborate meal.
What Constitutes a "Dish"?
It's important to clarify what is considered a "dish" in this context. It generally refers to distinct food items or courses served. For instance, if you have a specific type of soup, a few different kinds of pierogi, a main fish course, and a dessert, each of these would count as a dish. Even small accompaniments or side dishes can contribute to the total count. The aim is to ensure the final tally is an even number.
The traditional wigilia meal is famously meatless, adhering to a strict Catholic tradition of abstaining from meat on Christmas Eve. It typically consists of twelve distinct dishes, symbolizing the twelve apostles. However, the underlying principle of an even number means that if a family chooses to add an extra dish for a special reason or to ensure a plentiful spread, they would aim to add another to maintain the even count. For example, if they initially planned for ten dishes, and decide to add an eleventh, they might then add a twelfth to keep it even.
Common Dishes Served at Wigilia
The wigilia table is a feast for the senses, and the dishes are as diverse as they are delicious. While the exact menu can vary from region to region and family to family, some staples are almost always present:
- Barszcz z uszkami: A clear beetroot soup with tiny mushroom-filled dumplings.
- Pierogi: These filled dumplings are a cornerstone of Polish cuisine and appear in various forms for wigilia, often filled with cabbage and mushrooms, or sauerkraut.
- Ryba: Fish is a central element, with carp being a very traditional choice, often served fried, in jelly, or as a pâté.
- Kapusta z grzybami: Sauerkraut with mushrooms is a hearty and flavorful side dish.
- Kutia: A sweet grain pudding made with wheat berries, poppy seeds, honey, and nuts, often served as a dessert.
- Kompot z suszu: A drink made from dried fruits, such as prunes, apples, and pears.
The preparation for wigilia is a labor of love, often involving multiple generations of family members working together to create the twelve (or an even number of) distinct dishes.
The Oplatki and the Empty Seat
Beyond the dishes, the wigilia tradition also includes other significant elements:
Oplatki: Before the meal begins, each person at the table shares a piece of a thin, unleavened wafer called oplatek (pronounced oh-PWAH-tek) with every other person present. As they exchange pieces, they offer good wishes and apologies, symbolizing forgiveness and unity.
Empty Seat: It is also customary to set an extra place at the table for an unexpected guest or for a loved one who is no longer with them. This gesture represents hospitality and remembrance.
Why the Emphasis on Even Numbers?
The rationale behind the even number superstition isn't definitively documented with a single origin story. However, it's widely believed to stem from ancient folk beliefs and numerological interpretations. In many cultures, even numbers are associated with balance, completeness, and abundance, while odd numbers can sometimes be seen as incomplete or disruptive. For a celebratory meal meant to usher in prosperity and good fortune, an even number of offerings would naturally be preferred.
Modern Adaptations
While the tradition is deeply respected, modern Polish families might adapt the number of dishes based on practicality. However, the core principle of aiming for an even number remains, often achieved by ensuring there are at least twelve dishes, or by strategically adding or combining items to reach an even count if the initial plan deviates.
The Polish Christmas Eve supper is more than just a meal; it's a profound cultural experience that connects generations through shared traditions, delicious food, and heartfelt well wishes.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many dishes are traditionally served at a Polish Christmas Eve supper?
Traditionally, there are twelve dishes served at a Polish Christmas Eve supper, symbolizing the twelve apostles. However, the underlying superstition dictates that the total number of dishes should always be an even number to bring good luck.
Why is an even number of dishes considered lucky in Poland?
The belief that an even number of dishes brings good luck is rooted in folk traditions and numerology. Even numbers are often associated with balance, completeness, and prosperity, while odd numbers can sometimes be seen as unlucky or incomplete.
What if a family can't prepare twelve distinct dishes for Christmas Eve?
While twelve dishes are traditional, the emphasis is on having an even number. Families might combine certain items, or ensure that the total count, including appetizers, main courses, and desserts, adds up to an even figure, such as ten or fourteen, if twelve is not feasible.
Does this tradition apply to other holidays in Poland?
The superstition regarding an even number of dishes is most strongly associated with the Christmas Eve supper (wigilia). While food traditions are abundant in Polish culture, this specific numerical requirement is predominantly a Christmas Eve practice.
