Which crown has the Koh-i-Noor diamond? The Royal History and Current Location of the Infamous Gem
The question of which crown has the Koh-i-Noor diamond is one that sparks considerable curiosity, often conjuring images of opulent royal regalia and centuries of history. This legendary gemstone, meaning "Mountain of Light," has a storied past, having been set in several significant crowns throughout its existence. For the average American reader, understanding the Koh-i-Noor's journey involves delving into the annals of Indian, Persian, Afghan, and British royalty.
The Koh-i-Noor's Journey to the British Crown
The Koh-i-Noor diamond, weighing a staggering 105.6 carats in its current cut, has a complex history that predates its current home. Originally mined in India, its possession has changed hands many times through conquest and diplomacy. Its most recent and perhaps most recognized placement is within the British Crown Jewels.
The Queen Mother's Crown: A Notable Setting
For many, the most familiar answer to "Which crown has the Koh-i-Noor diamond?" points to the crown worn by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. This magnificent piece of jewelry was specifically created in 1937 for the coronation of her husband, King George VI. It is most famously known for housing the Koh-i-Noor diamond in its front cross, positioned above the Cullinan III diamond.
This crown is a breathtaking example of imperial craftsmanship, featuring:
- A platinum frame adorned with thousands of diamonds.
- The Koh-i-Noor diamond, set in a platinum basket, at the front.
- The Cullinan III diamond, also known as the "Lesser Star of Africa," positioned directly below the Koh-i-Noor.
- The Cullinan IV diamond, located at the base of the front cross.
The Queen Mother wore this crown at the coronation of her husband, and it has since been displayed at the Tower of London as part of the Crown Jewels. It is this particular crown that most Americans associate with the Koh-i-Noor when the question arises.
The Imperial State Crown: Another Significant Holder
While the Queen Mother's Crown is a prominent example, it's crucial to note that the Koh-i-Noor has also been set in the Imperial State Crown at different points. The Imperial State Crown is the crown worn by the monarch at the State Opening of Parliament and other formal occasions. It is one of the most recognizable symbols of the British monarchy.
The Koh-i-Noor was first added to the Imperial State Crown for Queen Victoria's coronation in 1838. However, after its recutting in 1852 to enhance its brilliance, it was re-set into the crown worn by Queen Victoria and has remained a part of the Imperial State Crown for subsequent monarchs, including Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III.
The Imperial State Crown is renowned for its grandeur and features:
- Over 2,800 diamonds.
- Numerous precious stones, including sapphires and emeralds.
- The Black Prince's Ruby (actually a large red spinel) at the front.
- The Cullinan II diamond, also known as the "Second Star of Africa," beneath the Black Prince's Ruby.
- The St Edward's Sapphire, believed to have belonged to Edward the Confessor, at the back.
- The Koh-i-Noor diamond, prominently featured in its current setting.
Therefore, while the Queen Mother's Crown is a famous setting, the Imperial State Crown is the crown that consistently features the Koh-i-Noor diamond as part of the official regalia used by the British monarch.
A Brief History of the Koh-i-Noor
The history of the Koh-i-Noor is as multifaceted as its facets. Believed to have been mined in the Golconda region of India, its origins date back possibly to the 14th century or even earlier. Its ownership has passed through the hands of:
- The Mughal Empire
- Nader Shah of Persia
- Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan
- The Sikh Empire of Punjab
- The British East India Company, which eventually ceded it to Queen Victoria in 1849.
Upon its arrival in Britain, it was recut by a Dutch jeweler, Albert Garrard, in 1852, reducing its weight but enhancing its sparkle. It was then set into a brooch for Queen Victoria.
Current Location and Significance
Today, the Koh-i-Noor diamond is a permanent part of the British Crown Jewels, displayed at the Tower of London. While it resides within the Imperial State Crown, its presence is a constant reminder of its complex history and the geopolitical shifts that brought it to British shores. Its display is a significant draw for tourists, who can marvel at its legendary brilliance and the history it represents.
The Koh-i-Noor's Controversial Status
It is important to acknowledge that the presence of the Koh-i-Noor in Britain is a subject of ongoing debate. Many in India and other former territories of the British Empire view the diamond as a symbol of colonial plunder and have called for its repatriation. The British government, however, maintains that the diamond was acquired legally and is a legitimate part of the Crown Jewels.
In conclusion, the answer to which crown has the Koh-i-Noor diamond is primarily the Imperial State Crown, which is regularly worn by the monarch. The Queen Mother's Crown is another significant piece that held the diamond and remains a famous association. The gem's journey from India to its current place in British regalia is a testament to its enduring allure and the tumultuous history it has witnessed.
Frequently Asked Questions
How did the Koh-i-Noor diamond end up in Britain?
The Koh-i-Noor diamond was ceded to Queen Victoria by the Sikh ruler of the Punjab, Duleep Singh, under the terms of the Treaty of Lahore in 1849, following the British annexation of the Punjab. This transfer is viewed by many as a consequence of colonial rule.
Why is the Koh-i-Noor diamond so famous?
The Koh-i-Noor is famous for several reasons: its immense size and legendary brilliance, its extensive and often violent history of changing ownership across empires, and its current prominent position within the British Crown Jewels, which makes it visible to millions worldwide.
Has the Koh-i-Noor diamond always been in the Imperial State Crown?
No, the Koh-i-Noor diamond has not always been in the Imperial State Crown. It was first set in a crown for Queen Victoria's coronation in 1838, then recut and placed in a brooch. After its recutting, it was incorporated into the Imperial State Crown and has remained there for subsequent monarchs.
Is the Koh-i-Noor diamond the largest diamond in the world?
No, the Koh-i-Noor diamond is not the largest diamond in the world. While it is a very large and historically significant diamond at 105.6 carats in its current cut, other diamonds, such as the Cullinan I (Star of Africa), which is part of the British Crown Jewels, are significantly larger.
