Where Do You Poo When Wild Camping? A Comprehensive Guide for Responsible Outdoor Enthusiasts

Wild camping, also known as dispersed camping or backcountry camping, offers an unparalleled sense of freedom and connection with nature. However, it also comes with a significant responsibility: managing human waste in a way that minimizes our impact on the environment. For many, the question arises, "Where do you poo when wild camping?" This isn't just a matter of convenience; it's about protecting fragile ecosystems, preventing water contamination, and ensuring that future generations can enjoy these wild spaces.

The core principle of responsible waste disposal in the backcountry is to Leave No Trace (LNT). This means leaving the area exactly as you found it, or even better. When it comes to human waste, this translates to packing it out or burying it properly, far away from water sources and campsites.

Understanding the LNT Principles for Human Waste

The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics provides clear guidelines for managing human waste in the backcountry. These principles are designed to protect both the environment and public health.

Pack It Out: This is the most environmentally sound method, especially in sensitive areas or where burying is not feasible.
Dig a Cathole: If packing out isn't an option, a cathole is the next best alternative.
Use a Toilet System: For longer trips or in areas with very limited opportunities for burying, specialized toilet systems can be used.

The "Pack It Out" Method: The Gold Standard

In many popular and sensitive backcountry areas, especially those with high visitor numbers, the directive is to pack out all human waste. This is the most effective way to prevent contamination of soil and water sources. Here's how it's done:

Use a WAG Bag or Similar System: These are specialized bags designed to contain and neutralize human waste. They typically include a powder that solidifies and deodorizes the waste. Brands like Cleanwaste WAG Bags and Restop are common.
Deposit Waste: Urinate or defecate directly into the WAG bag.
Seal Tightly: Once finished, seal the bag according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Pack it Out: Store the sealed bag with your other trash and pack it out of the wilderness. Dispose of it in a designated receptacle at home or at a trailhead.

This method is essential in areas like canyons, deserts, alpine environments, and around water sources where decomposition is slow and the risk of contamination is high. Always check local regulations, as some areas mandate packing out all waste.

The "Cathole" Method: When Packing Out Isn't Required (But Still Needs to be Done Right)

In areas where packing out isn't explicitly required, or for situations where you can't manage to pack it out (though it's always the preferred method), digging a proper cathole is the alternative. This requires careful selection of a site and proper digging technique.

Location, Location, Location:
- At Least 200 Feet (70 Big Steps) from Water: This is crucial. Rivers, streams, lakes, and even springs are vulnerable to contamination.
- Away from Trails and Campsites: Choose a spot that is not visible to others and is off established trails.
- In Soil That Can Be Dug Easily: Avoid areas with hard-packed soil, large rocks, or exposed roots.
- In Areas Where Decomposition is Likely: Sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
Digging the Hole:
- 6-8 Inches Deep: The hole should be at least 6 inches deep to ensure proper burial and prevent animals from digging it up.
- 4-6 Inches Wide: A sufficient width allows for easy use.
Use the Hole:
- Squat and Go: Position yourself over the cathole.
- Use Toilet Paper Sparingly: If you use toilet paper, use as little as possible. You can also use natural materials like leaves or smooth stones, but ensure they are biodegradable.
Cover and Disguise:
- Fill the Hole: Cover the waste completely with the soil you removed.
- Pack Down the Soil: Tamp down the soil to make it appear natural.
- Disguise the Area: Scatter leaves, pine needles, or other natural debris over the site to blend it in with the surroundings.
Dispose of Toilet Paper: If you used toilet paper, pack it out with your trash in a sealed bag. If you must bury it, do so in the cathole, but packing it out is preferred.

Important Note: In some environments, like deserts or high alpine areas, decomposition is very slow. In these places, packing out is almost always the best option, even if not mandated.

Portable Toilet Systems: For Extended Trips or Sensitive Areas

For those who embark on longer wild camping trips or frequent areas with strict regulations, portable toilet systems are a worthwhile investment. These systems offer a more contained and convenient way to manage waste.

Composting Toilets: These systems break down waste into a usable compost material, though this process can take time and requires specific conditions. They are often more bulky and heavier.
Incinerating Toilets: These units burn waste into ash, which can then be disposed of more easily. They require a power source, usually a battery or solar panel.
Sealed Waste Containers: Similar to WAG bags but often more durable and reusable, these containers are designed for carrying waste out.

When using any portable toilet system, always follow the manufacturer's instructions for operation and disposal of waste.

What About Urination?

While defecation requires more careful management, urination in the backcountry is generally less impactful, but still requires consideration.

Urinate Away from Water Sources: Even urine can affect the pH of small water bodies and can attract animals.
Urinate on Rocks or Gravel: This helps the urine to disperse and dry quickly, minimizing odor and impact.
Avoid Urinating on Vegetation: Concentrated urine can damage plants.
In Snow: Dig a small hole in the snow to urinate into, then scatter snow over the spot.

For women, using a urination device (like a Kula Cloth or GoGirl) can make it easier to urinate in various positions and away from your campsite.

Key Takeaways for Responsible Wild Camping Waste Management

Remember these critical points:

Know Before You Go: Always research the specific regulations and guidelines for the area you plan to camp in. Websites like the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and local park authorities are excellent resources.
Be Prepared: Carry the necessary supplies, whether it's WAG bags, a trowel, or a portable toilet.
Prioritize Packing Out: When in doubt, or in sensitive environments, pack out your waste.
Leave No Trace: Your goal is to leave the area as if you were never there.

By following these guidelines, you can enjoy the solitude and beauty of wild camping while ensuring its preservation for years to come. It’s a small effort that makes a world of difference.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How deep should a cathole be?

A cathole should be at least 6 to 8 inches deep. This depth helps to ensure that the waste is properly buried, preventing animals from digging it up and facilitating a more complete decomposition process.

Why should I stay 200 feet away from water when digging a cathole?

Staying at least 200 feet (approximately 70 adult steps) away from any water source is crucial to prevent the contamination of rivers, streams, lakes, and springs. Bacteria and pathogens from human waste can leach into the water, making it unsafe for drinking and harming aquatic ecosystems.

What should I do with used toilet paper?

The most responsible practice for used toilet paper is to pack it out with your trash. Place it in a sealed plastic bag and dispose of it properly in a trash receptacle at home or at a designated site. If packing out is absolutely not possible, you can bury a small amount in the cathole, but packing it out is always preferred.

Are there alternatives to digging a cathole?

Yes, the most environmentally sound alternative is to pack out your waste using specialized WAG bags or similar systems. For longer trips or in areas with strict regulations, portable toilet systems like composting or incinerating toilets are also options. These methods offer greater control over waste containment and disposal.